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Appendix B: Algorithms
TDS 500C, TDS 600B, & TDS 700C User Manual
B–15
The integration algorithm used by the oscilloscope is as follows:
ŕ
B
A
W(t)dt
is approximated by
ŕ
B
A
W
^
(t)dt
where:
W(t) is the sampled waveform
^
()
is the continuous function obtained by linear interpolation of W(t)
A and B are numbers between 0.0 and –1.0
If A and B are integers, then:
ŕ
B
A
W
^
(t)dt + s
ȍ
B*1
i+A
W(i) ) W(i ) 1)
2
where s is the sample interval.
Similarly,
ŕ
B
A
(
W(t)
)
2
dt
is approximated by
ŕ
B
A
ǒ
W
^
(t)
Ǔ
2
dt
where:
W(t) is the sampled waveform
^
()
is the continuous function obtained by linear interpolation of W(t)
A and B are numbers between 0.0 and –1.0
If A and B are integers, then:
ŕ
B
A
ǒ
W
^
(t)
Ǔ
2
dt + s
ȍ
B*1
i+A
(
W(i)
)
2
) W(i) W(i ) 1) )
(
W(i ) 1)
)
2
3
where s is the sample interval.
Integration Algorithm
- User Manual 1
- Digitizing Oscilloscopes 1
- 070-9869-00 1
- WARRANTY 3
- List of Figures 7
- List of Tables 11
- Table of Contents 12
- General Safety Summary 13
- Symbols and Terms 14
- Related Manuals 15
- Default Model 16
- Model References 16
- Conventions 16
- Getting Started 19
- Product Description 20
- Differences by Model 21
- Product Specification 22
- Start Up 24
- Putting into Service 25
- Front Cover Removal 26
- Power On 26
- Self Test 27
- Power Off 27
- Operating Basics 28
- Overview 29
- Operating Interface Maps 31
- Front Panel Map — Right Side 32
- Rear Panel Map 33
- Display Map 34
- To Operate a Menu 35
- To Operate a Pop-Up Menu 36
- Tutorial 37
- Reset the Oscilloscope 38
- SETUP Button 39
- Recall Factory Setup 39
- Menu Item and Button 39
- OK Confirm Factory Init 39
- Examine the Display 40
- Adjust the Waveform 42
- Autoset the Oscilloscope 43
- AUTOSET Button 44
- Add a Waveform 45
- Assign Controls to 48
- Another Channel 48
- Remove a Waveform 49
- Automatically 50
- Remove Measurement 52
- Readouts 52
- Change the Measurement 52
- Reference Levels 52
- Displaying a Snapshot of 55
- Automated Measurements 55
- Example 4: Saving Setups 56
- Save a Setup 57
- Recall a Setup 59
- Reference 61
- Determining Status and 64
- Accessing Help 64
- Using Features for 64
- Advanced Applications 64
- To Compensate 67
- Passive Probes 67
- Input Impedance 68
- Considerations 68
- To Autoset the 70
- Oscilloscope 70
- List of Autoset Defaults 70
- 0 volts 71
- Selecting Channels 72
- To Select and 73
- Remove Waveforms 73
- Waveform Priority 74
- To Check Position 75
- To Check the 75
- Vertical Scale 75
- To Change Vertical Scale 76
- Vertical Readout 77
- To Change 78
- Vertical Parameters 78
- To Set External 79
- Attenuation (TDS 500C 79
- Horizontal Status 79
- To Change Horizontal 80
- Scale and Position 80
- Parameters 81
- To Select the 83
- Delayed Time Base 83
- Extended Acquisition 83
- Length (Option 2M Only) 83
- Choosing an Acquisition Mode 86
- Real-time Sampling 87
- Equivalent-Time Sampling 88
- Interpolation 89
- Interleaving 90
- The Acquisition Modes 90
- Checking the 94
- Acquisition Readout 94
- Selecting an 94
- Selecting Repetitive 95
- Sampling 95
- Stop After 96
- Preventing Aliasing 98
- Customizing the Display 99
- Change Display Settings 100
- Select the Display Style 100
- Adjust Intensity 101
- Set Display Readout 101
- Trigger Bar—Short Style 102
- Trigger Point Indicator 102
- Trigger Bar—Long Style 102
- Select Interpolation Filter 103
- Select the Graticule Type 103
- Select the Format 104
- Customizing the Display Color 105
- Choose a Palette 106
- Change the Palette Colors 107
- Set Math Waveform Color 108
- Set Reference Waveform 108
- Select Options 109
- Restore Colors 109
- Zooming on Waveforms 110
- Using with Waveforms 111
- Interpolation and Zoom 111
- Checking the Zoom Factor 111
- Zoom a Waveform 112
- Set Interpolation 113
- Reset Zoom 113
- Using Dual Window Mode 113
- Zoomed (Magnified) Waveforms 114
- Nonzoomed Waveforms, with Box 114
- Dual Zoom a Waveform 115
- To Set Dual Zoom Offset 115
- Waveform Capture Rate 116
- To Use InstaVu Mode 117
- To Set the InstaVu Style 119
- To Set the InstaVu 119
- Readout Options 119
- Incompatible Modes 119
- Using FastFrame 120
- 121
- Triggering on Waveforms 124
- The Trigger Event 125
- Trigger Sources 125
- Trigger Types 126
- Trigger Modes 126
- Trigger Holdoff 127
- Trigger Coupling 128
- Trigger Position 128
- Slope and Level 129
- Delayed Trigger System 129
- To set MAIN LEVEL 129
- To Set to 50% 130
- To Force a Trigger 130
- To Single Trigger 131
- To Check Trigger Status 131
- Triggering on a Waveform Edge 133
- To Select Edge Triggering 134
- To Select a Source 135
- To Specify Coupling 135
- To Set Mode & Holdoff 136
- To Set Slope 136
- Triggering Based on Logic 137
- Pattern and State Classes 138
- Setup and Hold Class 139
- To Check Logic 140
- Trigger Status 140
- To Trigger on a Pattern 142
- To Define a Time Qualified 144
- Pattern Trigger 144
- Triggers Acquisition 145
- Time Logic Function is TRUE 145
- To State Trigger 146
- To Trigger on Setup/ 147
- Hold Time Violations 147
- Triggering on Pulses 150
- To Trigger on a Glitch 152
- To Trigger on a Runt Pulse 154
- Trigger Based on 157
- Pulse Width 157
- To Trigger Based 158
- Cursors Measure Slew Rate 161
- Pulse Timeout 162
- Communications Triggering 164
- To Select Comm 165
- Triggering 165
- To Specify Code 165
- To Select a 166
- Communications 166
- Standard 166
- To Select a Pulse Form 166
- Delayed Triggering 167
- To Run After Delay 169
- To Trigger After Delay 169
- Measuring Waveforms 174
- Taking Automated Measurements 175
- Measurement Readouts 177
- Display Measurements 178
- Remove Measurements 179
- Gate Measurements 179
- Define High-Low Setup 181
- Define Reference Levels 181
- Take a Delay 183
- Measurement 183
- Take a Snapshot of 184
- Measurements 184
- Snapshot Display 185
- Display Measurement 186
- Statistics (TDS 500C and 186
- TDS 700C Only) 186
- Taking Cursor Measurements 187
- Cursor Types 188
- Cursor Modes 188
- Cursor Readouts 189
- Select the 190
- Cursor Function 190
- Set Mode and Adjust 191
- the Cursors 191
- Select Cursor Speed 192
- Select Time Units 192
- Select Amplitude Units 192
- To Find More Information 192
- Taking Graticule Measurements 193
- Measure Waveform Time 194
- Start Histogram Counting 194
- Reset Histogram Counting 195
- Display a Histogram 195
- Setting Histogram Box 195
- Histogram Measurement 196
- Display Histogram 196
- Mask Testing (Option 2C Only) 197
- (side) to 198
- Adjusting Time Base 199
- Position 199
- Counting Masks 199
- Editing a Mask 199
- “D2” 143.18 Mb/s 202
- Signal Path 203
- Compensation 203
- Channel/Probe Deskew 204
- Probe Cal 204
- rather than Probe 206
- (side) 208
- , you may get the 208
- Table 3–13: Probe cal status 211
- Saving Waveforms and Setups 212
- To Save a Setup 213
- To Run the File Utilities 215
- To Save a Waveform 216
- To Save an Acquisition 217
- (Option 2M Only) 217
- To Change Format 218
- To Delete Waveforms 218
- To Recall an Acquisition 220
- From Disk (TDS 500C and 220
- TDS700C Only) 220
- To Enable Autosave 220
- Managing the File System 221
- To Delete 223
- To Rename 223
- To Print 224
- To Create a Directory 224
- To Set Confirm Delete 224
- Printing a Hardcopy 225
- Supported Formats 226
- To Set Up for Making 227
- Hardcopies 227
- Date and Time Display 229
- To Print Directly to a 230
- Hardcopy Device 230
- To Save to a Disk 232
- To Print Using a Controller 233
- To Prepare for Remote 235
- Operation 235
- To Set Up for Remote 237
- GPIB Configuration Menu 238
- Displaying Status 240
- Firmware Version 241
- Displaying the Banner 242
- Displaying Help 242
- Limit Testing 244
- To Create Limit Test 245
- Template 245
- To Select a Limit Test 247
- To Specify the Limit Test 247
- Response 247
- Single Waveform 248
- Comparisons 248
- Waveform Math 249
- To Use Single Wfm Math 250
- To Use Dual Wfm Math 251
- Fast Fourier Transforms 252
- To Create an FFT 254
- To Take Cursor 257
- Measurements of an FFT 257
- See step 7 on page 258
- To Take Automated 259
- The FFT Frequency 259
- Domain Record 259
- Sample Rate 261
- FFT Length 261
- Normally, the output of a 262
- Record Length 262
- Acquisition Mode 263
- Zoom and Interpolation 263
- Undersampling (Aliasing) 264
- Considerations for Phase 265
- Displays 265
- FFT Windows 267
- Waveform Differentiation 271
- To Create a Derivative of a 272
- Waveform 272
- Offset, Position, and Scale 274
- Using Zoom 275
- Waveform Integration 276
- To Create a Integral Math 277
- Source Waveform 279
- Integral Math Waveform 279
- DC Offset 280
- Appendices 282
- Table A–1: Options (cont.) 284
- Standard Accessories 285
- Optional Accessories 286
- Accessory Probes 287
- Accessory Software 289
- Warranty Information 289
- Service Assurance 289
- Appendix B: Algorithms 291
- HighRef, MidRef, LowRef 292
- Other Variables 293
- MCross Calculations 294
- Measurement Algorithms 296
- Burst Width 297
- Cycle Mean 297
- Cycle RMS 297
- Extinction Ratio 298
- Extinction % 298
- Extinction dB 298
- Fall Time 298
- Frequency 299
- Mean dBm 300
- Negative Duty Cycle 301
- Negative Overshoot 301
- Negative Width 301
- Optical Power 301
- Peak to Peak 301
- * 302
- Positive Duty Cycle 303
- Positive Overshoot 303
- Positive Width 303
- Rise Time 303
- Ă(()) 304
- Integration Algorithm 305
- Appendix D: Probe Selection 311
- Low Impedance (Z 312
- High Voltage Probes 312
- Active Voltage Probes 313
- Current Probes 314
- Optical Probes 315
- General Care 317
- Inspection and Cleaning 317
- Procedures 317
- Appendix F: Programmer Disk 319
- Glossary 321
- NegativeOvershoot + 329
- Low * Min 329
- Amplitude 329
- PositiveOvershoot + 330
- Max * High 330
- Glossary–14 335
- , Zoom menu, 3–54 341
- DC. See DC Offset 346
- , Vertical menu, 3–18 346
- Index–11 347
- Index–12 348
- Index–13 349
- Index–14 350
- Position, 3–15, 3–16 351
- Index–16 352
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